Mac_Unix_Templates
Navigate to Unix
directories (where are /bin /dev /etc /usr /var ... ?)
In finder command_shift_G
and enter
/var
# root (unavailable) is in
this
directory
force-trash
holding
down the Option key when emptying the trash to
force-trash a locked file
donsauer$ #
# everything after # is ignored
donsauer$ cd
# go home
donsauer$ pwd
# print working dir
donsauer$ ls -a
# see all your files
donsauer$ ps
-ax
# see all your running processes
donsauer$ ps aux
# see all your running processes
donsauer$
df
# list mounted devices
donsauer$
date
# prints date and time
donsauer$ cal
# prints this month
donsauer$ cal 2010
# prints this year
donsauer$ find .
-name "Sheep*" -print
# find names begining with "Sheep"
donsauer$ find
. -iname
"*sheep*" -print
# case insensitive
find
donsauer$ find
. -exec
"this_word*" '{}'\; -print
# find file with "this_word"
donsauer$ find
. -exec -q
"this_word*" '{}'\; -print
# find file with "this_word"
donsauer$ echo
'first' > file.txt
# writes 'first' to file.txt
donsauer$ echo 'second' >>
file.txt
# appends 'second' to file.txt
donsauer$ echo "echo '3rd' >> file.txt" >> file.txt
# appends "echo '3rd' >> file.txt"
donsauer$ cat *.log
> unsorted.txt
# puts all log files into unsorted.txt
donsauer$ sort unsorted.txt > sorted.txt
# sorts unsorted.txt into sorted.txt
donsauer$ Whois idea2IC
# list web site info
donsauer$ Whois 67.218.116.133
# list web site info
donsauer$ Whois -h whois.layer42.net
-p 4321
67.218.116.133
# host and port options
donsauer$ Who
# who is on the system
donsauer$ Whereis
# locates a program
donsauer$ Which cat
# which program
donsauer$ Whatis cat
# describe program
donsauer$ more file.dat
# "Table" — generic tabular data
donsauer$ more file.csv
# "CSV" — comma-separated values
donsauer$ more file.tsv
# "TSV" — tab-separated values
donsauer$ hdiutil
eject -force
/dev/disk1
# eject a disk (DVD port)
donsauer$ top
# view memory (q key to stop)
donsauer$ kill -9
number
# kill a process
donsauer$ defaults
write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles YES #
view invisible
files
donsauer$ defaults
write
com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles NO
# hide
invisible files
donsauer$ diff
textfile1 textfile1
#
see if files are the same
donsauer$ login root
# login as root
enable the root user
Directory Utility.app
in Application » Utilities
OS X
Unix
Environment
donsauer$ echo
$SHELL
# login Shell is
bash (/bin/bash)
donsauer$ more
/etc/bashrc
# view
login shell env resource file
donsauer$ printenv
# view all Variables
donsauer$ env
# view all Variables
donsauer$ export
VISUAL=vi
#
creates/modifies env variable in bash
donsauer$ echo $VISUAL
# view new variable (vi)
donsauer$ more
/etc/bashrc
# view
login shell env resource file
donsauer$ more
~/.profile
# view paths
donsauer$ vi
~/.profile
# vi edit paths file
donsauer$
PATH=$PATH\:/Developer/Tools
# to add a path (temp)
donsauer$ PATH=${PATH}:/Developer/Simulator/GTKwave/bin
# Add
GTKwave path
donsauer$ more
alias
# view alias
donsauer$ alias
lf='ls
-F'
# creates an alias in bash
donsauer$ alias r="perl
Write2File3.pl"
# Type r
to run
program
donsauer$ unalias r
# remove alias
# compile/run
alias using 2 lines in quotes
donsauer$ alias rrr="g++ -v strarray.cpp
-o strarray
./strarray
"
HOME
Full path of home directory.
(/Users/donsauer)
SHELL Full path
of log-in shell.
(/bin/bash )
USER User
name
(donsauer)
PATH List
of directories containing commands.
(/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11/bin)
PWD
Full path of present working directory.
(/)
vi
editor
h, j, k, l Left, down, up, right one char
i,
Insert esc
x
Delete character
u
Undo last edit
:
Invoke ex from vi editor
:q
Quit
:q!
Quit, discarding any changes
:wq
Save ("write") file and quit
:w
Save file
ADD SHORTCUT
Open Keyboard & Mouse preference pane in your System Preferences
click on the Keyboard Shortcuts tab.
Click the little plus (+) sign,
choose application
enter exact name of menu bar
Then just pick your keyboard shortcut, click Add, and
voilà—you've successfully
added a new shortcut to your Mac. When you open
the app, you'll notice that shortcut is even visible next
to the item so it'll be easy to remember.
Mac Intel during
startup
Press
C
Start up from a bootable CD or DVD
Press D
Start up in Apple Hardware Test (AHT), if Install
DVD 1 in the computer.
Press Option-Command-P-R until you hear two beeps. Reset NVRAM
Press
Option
Starts into Startup Manager, can select Mac OS X volume.
Press Eject, F12, Ejects any removable
media, such as an optical disc.
Press N
Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot).
Press T
Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode.
Press Shift Start up
in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items.
Press Command-V Start up in Verbose
mode.
Press
Command-S
Start up in Single-User mode.
Press
Option-N
Start from a NetBoot server using the default boot image.
Force Quit (Option-Command-Escape)
Restart
(Control-Command-Power)
Force Shut Down (press the power button for 10 seconds)